| S.No | FAQ | Answer | Keyword |
| 1 | Which institution is responsible for compilation of GDP and related indicators in Pakistan? | Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, prime official agency of Pakistan, is responsible of compilation and dissemination of GDP and related data in Pakistan. | Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS), GDP Growth |
| 2 | Which type of GDP indicators are compiled in Pakistan? | GDP by economic activities, GNI (Gross National Income), per capita income, gross fixed capital formation and expenditure on GDP at current and constant prices are major national accounts indicators in Pakistan. | GDP and national accounts indicators |
| 3 | What is the latest growth of GDP in Pakistan? | The latest GDP growth in Pakistan is 2.13 during 2023-24Q1. The latest annual growth of GDP in Pakistan is -0.17 during financial year 2022-23. | Latest GDP Growth in Pakistan |
| 4 | What is the latest growth of agriculture, industry and services in Pakistan? | The latest quarterly growth of agriculture, industry and services in Pakistan during 2023-24Q1 5.06%, 2.48% and 0.82% respectively. | GDP Growth by major economic activities |
| 5 | For how long, annual GDP growth rates are available in Pakistan? | Annual GDP growth rates in Pakistan are available since 1951-52 at the official website of Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/tables/national_accounts/2022-23/Table_1.pdf | Time series of GDP Growth |
| 6 | For how long, annual GDP growth rates by major economic activities are available in Pakistan? | Annual GDP growth rates by economic activities at constant basic prices of 2015-16 are available in Pakistan since 2000-01 at the official website of Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. https://www.pbs.gov.pk/national-accounts-tables | Time series of GDP Growth by economic activities |
| 7 | Is GDP data by economic activities at levels available in Pakistan? | Yes, GDP data by economic activities by levels at current and constant prices is available in Pakistan. https://www.pbs.gov.pk/national-accounts-tables | Level of GDP by economic activity |
| 8 | Is data on GDP weights/shares available in Pakistan? | Yes, data on GDP weights/shares at current and constant prices is available in Pakistan. https://www.pbs.gov.pk/national-accounts-tables | GDP weights/shares |
| 9 | Which sector/industry contributes more in Pakistan’s GDP? | The services sector, with contribution at 58.4%, is major contributor in Pakistan. | Share of services in Pakistan’s GDP |
| 10 | What is the share of agriculture and industry in Pakistan’s GDP? | The contribution of agriculture and industry in GDP of Pakistan are 23.2% and 18.4% respectively. | Share of agriculture and industry in Pakistan’s GDP |
| 11 | Is data on demand side of GDP/ expenditure on GDP compiled in Pakistan? | Yes, data on demand side of GDP/ expenditure on GDP is compiled at current and constant market prices in Pakistan. https://www.pbs.gov.pk/national-accounts-tables | Demand side GDP in Pakistan |
| 12 | For how long, consistent annual GDP data on demand side is available in Pakistan? | A consistent series of expenditure on annual GDP at current and constant prices is available in Pakistan since 1999-2000 on 2015-16 base year. https://www.pbs.gov.pk/national-accounts-tables | Series of expenditure on GDP at current and constant prices |
| 13 | What are major components of expenditure on GDP in Pakistan? | The final consumption expenditure of households, general government, gross capital formation and net exports are major components of expenditure on GDP in Pakistan | Components of expenditure on GDP in Pakistan |
| 14 | What is the latest share of household’s final consumption in Pakistan’s GDP? | 82.6% for 2022-23 (Revised) | Share of households in Pakistan’s GDP |
| 15 | What is the latest share of general government final consumption in Pakistan’s GDP? | 10.2% for 2022-23 (Revised) | Share of general government in Pakistan’s GDP |
| 16 | What is the latest investment-to-GDP ratio (share of gross capital formation) in Pakistan? | 10.2% for 2022-23 (Revised) | Share of general government in Pakistan’s GDP |
| 17 | What are components of gross capital formation in Pakistan? | The gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), changes in inventories, and valuables are major components of gross capital formation in Pakistan | Components of gross capital formation in Pakistan |
| 18 | How gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) is compiled in Pakistan? | The GFCF data in Pakistan is compiled at current and constant prices for private and public sector enterprises and general government through a combination of survey method, financing approach, commodity flow approach and administrative records. | GFCF in Pakistan |
| 19 | Is data on gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) by economic activities is available in Pakistan? | Yes GFCF data by economic activities at current and constant prices is available separately for private sector, public sector and general government. https://www.pbs.gov.pk/national-accounts-tables | Series of GFCF in Pakistan |
| 20 | What is latest per capita income in Pakistan? | The latest per capita income in Pakistan in Rupees is 385318/- while in US$ is 1553 for 2022-23 (Revised) | Per capita income in Pakistan |
| 21 | What is latest volume of GDP (Size of the economy) in Pakistan? | The latest volume of GDP in Pakistan is Rs. 84,069/- billion, while in US$ is 338.9 billion for 2022-23 (Revised). | Per capita income in Pakistan |
| 22 | What is gross value added (GVA)? | GVA is the difference between output at basic prices and intermediate consumption at purchasers’ prices | GVA |
| 23 | How output is defined in national accounts? | Goods and services produced by an enterprise, excluding the value of any goods and services used and consumed by the same establishment except for goods and services used for capital formation (fixed capital or changes in inventories) or own final consumption | Output |
| 24 | What are different types of output? | i) Market output, ii) Non-market output, and iii) output for own final use | Types of output |
| 25 | What is market output? | Output intended for sale at economically significant prices. | Market output |
| 26 | What is non-market output? | Goods and individual or collective services produced by government, the central bank and non-profit institutions serving households that are supplied free, or at prices that are not economically significant, to other institutional units or the community as a whole. | Non-market output |
| 27 | What is output for own final use? | Products produced that are retained by the producer for their own use as final consumption or capital formation. | Output for own final use |
| 28 | What are different valuation concepts in National Accounts? | Basic prices, producer’s prices and purchaser’s prices | Valuation of output |
| 29 | What is basic price? | Amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a good or service produced as output minus any tax payable, and plus any subsidy receivable, by the producer as a consequence of its production or sale. It excludes any transport charges invoiced separately by the producer. | Basic price |
| 30 | What is Producer’s price? | Amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a good or service produced as output minus any VAT, or similar deductible tax, invoiced to the purchaser. It excludes any transport charges invoiced separately by the producer. | Producer’s price |
| 31 | Purchasers’ price | Amount paid by the purchaser, excluding any deductible VAT or similar deductible tax, in order to take delivery of a unit of a good or service at the time and place required by the purchaser. This price will include any transport charges paid separately by the purchaser to take delivery at the required time and place | Purchasers’ price |
| 32 | What is intermediate consumption? | Goods and services consumed as inputs by a process of production, excluding fixed assets whose consumption is recorded as depreciation | Intermediate consumption |
| 33 | What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)? | Total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. | GDP |
| 34 | What is gross national income (GNI)? | Total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad. | GNI |
| 35 | Real gross domestic income | The purchasing power of the income earned by all institutional units in an economic territory from the use of their labor and capital in the production of goods and services during an accounting period. | Real gross domestic income |
| 36 | What is gross capital formation (GCF)? | Acquisitions less disposals of produced assets for purposes of fixed capital formation, inventories or valuables | Gross capital formation |
| 37 | What is gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)? | Acquisitions less disposals of fixed assets during the accounting period, including certain specified expenditures on services that add to the value of non-produced assets | GFCF |
| 38 | What are valuables? | Products of considerable value that are not used primarily for purposes of production or consumption but are held as a stores of value over time. Examples are precious metals and stones, antiques, paintings, sculptures or other art objects. | Valuables |
| 39 | How fixed asset are defined in the national income accounting framework? | These are produced and non-financial assets, consisting of goods and services that are used in production for more than one year | Fixed assets |
| 40 | How existing fixed assets are defined? | Non-financial assets whose value was included in the stock of fixed capital of at least one producer unit in the domestic economy at some earlier point in time | Existing fixed assets |
| 41 | What are biological resources/assets? | Animal resources, and tree, crop and plant resources yielding both once only and repeat products over which ownership rights are enforced. | Biological assets |
| 42 | What are ecosystem assets? | Contiguous spaces of a specific ecosystem type characterized by a distinct set of biotic and abiotic components and their interactions, from which benefits can be derived that are used in economic and other human activity | Ecosystem assets |
| 43 | What are financial assets? | Financial claims and gold bullion held by monetary authorities as a reserve asset | Financial assets |
| 44 | What is the difference between gross and net measures of national income? | The difference between gross and net measures is depreciation and depletion of natural resources. | Gross and net |
| 45 | What is consumption of fixed capital (CFC)? | Consumption of fixed capital, (depreciation), is described as a deduction from income to account for the loss in capital value owing to the use of capital goods in production. | Consumption of fixed capital |
| 46 | What is net domestic product (NDP)? | Difference between GDP and consumption of fixed capital | Net domestic product |
| 47 | What is national disposable income (NDI)? | Total income available for final consumption expenditure or saving. | National disposable income |
| 48 | What is the periodicity of GDP compilation in Pakistan. | In Pakistan, GDP is compiled on annual and quarterly basis. | GDP, QNA |
| 49 | What are different approaches to compile GDP? | Production Approach, Expenditure Approach, Income Approach | GDP Compilation |
| 50 | What is base period? | Reference period from which the weights are derived for the calculation of an index e.g. GDP Deflator, CPI, WPI | Base period |
| 51 | What is the current base year of National Accounts in Pakistan? | 2015-16 | National Accounts |
| 52 | Why base of national accounts is changed? | To assess the structural changes in the economy and to implement new international recommendations e.g. SNA | Rebasing |
| 53 | How many times base of national accounts has been changed in Pakistan? | Five times in 1959-60, 1980-81, 1999-2000, 2005-06 and 2015-16 | Rebasing in Pakistan |
| 54 | What will be the next base year of National Accounts in Pakistan? | 2024-25 | Rebasing in Pakistan |
| 55 | Which approach is used to compile GDP in Pakistan? | Production approach. | GDP in Pakistan |
| 56 | What is reference period? | Period, usually a year, quarter or month, which is used as a reference for compiling certain time series. Price and volume indices, including time series of volume estimates, typically have a certain period in the past as a reference point. | Reference period |
| 57 | How GDP growth is calculated? | The annual average rate of change of the gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices based on constant local currency, for a given national economy, during a specified period of time. GDP Growth = (GDP 2 – GDP 1) / GDP 1 | GDP Growth |
| 58 | How GDP is measured in expenditure approach? | Sum of final consumption of households, non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH), general government), gross capital formation and net exports | Expenditure on GDP, Demand side of the economy |
| 59 | What is NPISH? | Non-profit institutions principally engaged in the production of non-market services, which are not controlled by government e.g. religious organizations, NGO’s, associations, etc. | NPISH |
| 60 | Is NPISH included in the GDP of Pakistan? | Yes, NPISH is included in both demands as well supply sides of the economy. | NPISH |
| 61 | How GDP is measured in income approach? | Total income earned by all institutional units in an economic territory from the use of their labor and capital in the production of goods and services during an accounting period. | GDP-Income Approach |
| 62 | What is the basic unit of compilation of GDP in production approach? | Establishment | GDP Compilation |
| 63 | What is establishment? | Enterprise, or part of an enterprise, that is situated in a single location and in which only a single productive activity is carried out or in which the principal productive activity accounts for most of the value added | Establishment |
| 64 | What is an enterprise? | An institutional unit engaged in the production of goods and/or services. The term enterprise may refer to a corporation, a quasi-corporation, a non-profit institution (NPI), or an unincorporated enterprise | Enterprise |
| 65 | What is industry? | Group of establishments engaged in the same, or similar, kinds of production activity. Importantly, it is not reserved to market producers; it can also refer to non-market producers | Industry |
| 66 | What is institutional unit? | Economic entity that are capable, in their own right, of owning assets, incurring liabilities and engaging in economic activities and in transactions with other entities. | Institutional unit |
| 67 | What is institutional sector? | Group of similar kinds of institutional units according to their principal functions, behavior and objectives. | Institutional sector |
| 68 | What are different types of institutional sectors? | ||
| 69 | Is GDP by institutional sectors is compiled in Pakistan? | No, GDP by institutional sectors is not currently being compiled in Pakistan. | Institutional sector/ unit |
| 70 | How GDP can be classified? | GDP can be classified either by industries or institutional sectors. | Industry, Institutional sector/unit |
| 71 | What is base of GDP Classification by industries? | International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) Rev. 4 adopted through Pakistan Standard Industrial Classification (PSIC)-2010 | ISIC, PSIC |
| 72 | What is the difference between real and nominal GDP? | Real GDP is inflation adjusted GDP measured at the constant prices of reference/ base year. It indicates economic growth to measure the performance of the economy over time. Nominal GDP is the market value of goods and services produced in a country during a year at prices of that year. | Real GDP, Nominal GDP |
| 73 | What is GDP Deflator? | It is derived as the ratio between nominal GDP and real GDP. | GDP Deflator |
| 74 | What does GDP deflator measure? | The GDP deflator measures the changes in prices for all of the goods and services produced in an economy | GDP Deflator |
| 75 | What are major industries of the economy of Pakistan? | Agriculture, Industry, Services | |
| 76 | How per capita income of Pakistan is calculated? | GNI/Total Population | Per capita income |
| 77 | What is the latest version of SNA | 2008 | SNA |
| 78 | What will be the next version of SNA? | 2025 | SNA |
| 79 | Which version of SNA is used to compile GDP in Pakistan? | 2008 | SNA, GDP in Pakistan |
| 80 | When were the national accounts compiled for the first time in Pakistan? | 1949 | National Accounts in Pakistan |
| 81 | What is FISIM? | Financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM) is an indirect measure of the value of financial intermediation services (i.e. output) provided but for which financial institutions do not charge explicitly as compared to explicit bank charges. | FISIM |
| 82 | What is Central Product Classification (CPC)? | Classification based on the physical characteristics of goods or on the nature of the services rendered. Each type of good or service distinguished in the CPC is unique and is normally produced by only one activity in ISIC. | CPC |
| 83 | How changes in inventories are defined in national accounts? | Value of entries into inventories less the value of withdrawals and less the value of any recurrent losses of goods held in inventories during the accounting period | Changes in inventories |
| 84 | What is Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose (COICOP)? | Classification based on the purpose of the goods and services, used for classifying both individual consumption expenditure and actual individual consumption | COICOP |
| 85 | What is Classification of Outlays of Producers by Purpose (COPP)? | Classification based on the purpose of outlays of producers, used for classifying expenditures by producers (intermediate consumption, remuneration of employees, etc.) | COPP |
| 86 | What is Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG)? | Classification based on the socio-economic objectives of government functions, used for classifying expenditures by general government and its sub-sectors | COFOG |
| 87 | What is Classification of the Purposes of Non-profit Institutions (COPNI)? | Classification based on socio-economic objectives, used to classify current transactions, capital outlays and acquisition of financial assets by nonprofit institutions serving households | COPNI |
| 88 | What is collective consumption expenditure in national accounts? | Expenditure on services provided simultaneously to all members of the community. It is only measured for general government, the central bank and non-profit institutions serving households | Collective consumption expenditure |
| 89 | What is cost, insurance, and freight (CIF)? | Valuation basis where goods are valued at the importer’s border—that is, including the cost of insurance and freight incurred up to the point of the goods entering the economy of the importer | Imports, CIF |
| 90 | What are costs of ownership transfer? | Costs associated with acquiring and disposing of non-financial assets (other than inventories) | Costs of ownership transfer |
| 91 | What is data? | Information content that is produced by accessing and observing phenomena; and recording, organizing and storing information elements from these phenomena in a digital format, which can be accessed electronically for reference or processing, and used in production for more than one year. | Data |
| 92 | What is difference between data and databases? | Electronic files of data, including the information content, organized in such a way as to permit resource-effective access and use of the data, either for own use in production for more than one year, or for sale as an entity or for sale by means of a license to access the information contained | Data and databases |
| 93 | What is disposable income? | Income available for final consumption expenditure or saving | Disposable income |
| 94 | What is adjusted disposable income? | Income available for actual final consumption or saving. It is equal to disposable income, plus social transfers in kind receivable and less social transfers in kind payable. | Adjusted disposable income |
| 95 | What is domestic economy? | Sum of all institutional units that are resident in a particular economic territory. | Domestic economy |
| 96 | What is double-deflation? | Method whereby the volume estimates of gross value added are measured by subtracting the volume estimates of intermediate consumption from the volume estimates of output. | Double-deflation |
| 97 | What are dwellings? | Buildings, or designated parts of buildings, that are used entirely or primarily as residences, including any associated structures, such as garages, and all permanent fixtures customarily installed in residences. | Dwellings |
| 98 | What are economic activities? | Activities covering production and consumption of goods and services, distribution and redistribution of income, and accumulation of economic assets | Economic activities |
| 99 | What are economic benefit? | Gains arising from the economic activities of production, consumption or accumulation | Economic benefit |
| 100 | Who is an economic owner? | The institutional unit who bears the risks and receives the benefits of the ownership of an asset. | Economic owner |
| 101 | What is economically significant price? | Prices that have a significant effect on the amounts that producers are willing to supply and on the amounts purchasers wish to buy. | Economically significant price |
| 102 | Whis is exchange rate? | Price of one country’s currency in relation to another country’s currency | Exchange rate |
| 103 | What are excise duties? | Taxes levied as a product specific unit tax on a predefined limited range of goods | Excise duties |
| 104 | What are expenditures in SNA | Transactions that reduce the amount of economic value of a unit or sector | Expenditures in SNA |
| 105 | What are expenditures on goods and services? | Values of the amounts that buyers pay, or agree to pay, to sellers in exchange for goods or services that sellers provide to them or to other institutional units designated by the buyers. | Expenditures on goods and services |
| 106 | What is final consumption expenditure? | Expenditure on goods and services by resident institutional units for the direct satisfaction of human needs or wants, whether individual or collective. It is measured for households, general government, the central bank and non-profit institutions serving households | Final consumption expenditure |
| 107 | What is individual consumption expenditure? | Expenditure on goods and services by resident institutional units for the direct satisfaction of the needs or wants of individual households. It can be measured for households, general government and non-profit institutions serving households. | Individual consumption expenditure |
| 108 | What are financial auxiliaries? | Financial corporations principally engaged in activities associated with transactions in financial assets and liabilities | Financial auxiliaries |
| 109 | What are financial corporations? | Institutional units whose principal activity is the production of financial services | Financial corporations |
| 110 | What is financial intermediation? | Productive activity in which an institutional unit incurs liabilities on its own account for the purpose of acquiring financial assets by engaging in financial transactions on the market. | Financial intermediation |
| 111 | What is Fintech? | Technology-enabled innovation in financial services that could result in new business models, applications, processes, or products with an associated material effect on the provision of financial services. | Fintech |
| 112 | What are Flows? | Transactions and other flows reflecting the creation, transformation, exchange, transfer, or extinction of economic value. They involve changes in the volume, composition, or value of a unit’s assets, liabilities and net worth. | Flows |
| 113 | What is General government? | The general government sector, , principally engaged in non-market production, consists of such institutional units at central, state and local level together with social security funds and non-market producers controlled by them | General government |
| 114 | What is imputation? | Construction of entries in the accounts when no separate monetary transactions are identified by the parties involved but where economic flows are recognized. | Imputation |
| 115 | What is human capital? | The knowledge, skills, competencies and attributes embodied in individuals, from which economic benefits can be derived. | Human capital |
| 116 | What is natural capital? | The sum of natural resources and ecosystem assets, of which the latter are not recognized as assets in the sequence of economic accounts. | Natural capital |
| 117 | What is Social capital? | The networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively. | Social capital |
| 118 | What is non-observed economy? | Economic activity missing from statistical data collections and from administrative sources. Conceptually included are illegal activities, hidden and underground activities, and ‘informal’ activities. | Non-observed economy |
| 119 | What is Informal economy? | All informal productive activities carried out by workers or economic units within the general production boundary; this includes informal household own-use production of goods and services, informal sector production, and the labor inputs that are used to undertake these types of production, as well as informal labor inputs in the formal sector | Informal economy |
| 120 | What is information, computer, and telecommunications (ICT) equipment? | Devices using electronic controls and also the electronic components forming part of these devices. In practice, it mainly covers computer hardware and telecommunications equipment. | ICT |
| 121 | What are intellectual property products? | Assets resulting from research, development, investigation, innovation or marketing, leading to knowledge, reputation, or the creation of artificial intelligence systems that the developers can market or use to their own benefit in production because use of this knowledge or system is restricted by means of legal or other protection. | Intellectual property products |
| 122 | What is land improvements? | Major improvements in the quantity, quality or productivity of land or prevent its deterioration. Such improvements are recorded as capital formation. | Land improvements |
| 123 | What is Mixed Income? | Income earned by an unincorporated enterprise from the use of the owner’s labor and capital in the production of goods and services during an accounting period | Mixed Income |
| 124 | What is operating surplus? | The income earned by resident corporations from the use of their capital in the production of goods and services during an accounting period. | Operating surplus |
| 125 | What is Perpetual Inventory Model? | Method for estimating the level of fixed assets and depreciation from time series of gross fixed capital formation. A depreciation function is used to calculate depreciation and to obtain net capital stock by subtracting accumulated depreciation from the gross capital stock. | Perpetual Inventory Model |
| 126 | What is difference between rent and rentals? | Rent is income receivable by the owner of a non-produced non-financial assets for putting the assets at the disposal of another institutional unit for use in production. Rental is amount payable by the user of a fixed asset to its owner. | Rent and rentals |
